DCS的开发过程主要是采用系统组态软件依据控制系统的实际需要生成各类应用软件的过程。组态软件功能包括基本配置组态和应用软件组态。基本配置组态是给系统一个配置信息,如系统的各种站的个数、它们的索引标志、每个控制站的1大点数、1短执行周期和内存容量等。应用软件的组态则包括比较丰富的内容,主要包括以下几个方面。
(1)控制回路的组态
控制回路的组态在本质上就是利用系统提供的各种基本的功能模块,来构成各种各样的实际控制系统。目前各种不同的DCS提供的组态方法各不相同,归纳起来有指定运算模块连接方式、判定表方式、步骤记录方式等等。
指定运算模块连接方式是通过调用各种独立的标准运算模块,用线条连接成多种多样的控制回路,1终自动生成控制软件,这是一种信息流和控制功能都很直观的组态方法。判定表方式是一种纯粹的填表形式,只要按照组态表格的要求,逐项填入内容或回答问题即可,这种方式很利于用户的组态操作。步骤记入方式是一种基于语言指令的编写方式,编程自由度大,各种复杂功能都可通过一些技巧实现,但组态效率较低。另外,由于这种组态方法不够直观,往往对组态工程师在技术水平和组态经验有较高的要求。
The development process of DCS mainly adopts the system configuration software to generate various application software according to the actual needs of the control system. The functions of configuration software include basic configuration and application software configuration. Basic configuration is to give the system a configuration information, such as the number of various stations of the system, their index marks, the maximum number of points of each control station, the shortest execution cycle and memory capacity. The configuration of application software includes rich contents, mainly including the following aspects.
(1) Configuration of control loop
In essence, the configuration of control loop is to use various basic functional modules provided by the system to form a variety of actual control systems. At present, different DCS provide different configuration methods, which can be summarized as specified operation module connection mode, decision table mode, step recording mode and so on.
The connection mode of the specified operation module is to call various independent standard operation modules, connect them into a variety of control loops with lines, and finally automatically generate the control software. This is a very intuitive configuration method of information flow and control function. The decision table method is a pure form of filling in. As long as you fill in the contents or answer questions item by item according to the requirements of the configuration table, this method is very conducive to the user's configuration operation. Step recording method is a writing method based on language instructions. It has a large degree of programming freedom. Various complex functions can be realized by some skills, but the configuration efficiency is low. In addition, because this configuration method is not intuitive enough, it often has high requirements for configuration engineers in technical level and configuration experience.
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